New Perspectives on Studying Art of the Baltic Region in the 10th–12th Centuries: The Issue of Artistic Interaction between Scandinavia and Ancient Rus’

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2023.209

Abstract

The aim of this research is to study the development of Scandinavian art outside of Scandinavia. The main attention is focused on the process of influence of the Borre style elementon the applied art development in North-West Russia of the 10th–12th centuries. The main sources of artistical influence should be not Scandinavia, but the territory of distribution of Scandinavian art, in particular, Pomerania and the British Isles. The stylistic analysis revelates the use of identical elements of decor, where the main place have the highly simplified Borre style motifs (chains and scale motifs), supplemented by a double contour and hatching. It is possible to trace the process of Borre’s assimilation using carved wooden artefacts from Novgorod the Great. Development of this art in the 10th century was influenced by the art of Viking Age. The preservation of these stylistic features can be traced in Novgorod art up to and including the 12th century. One of the actual problems of this phenomenon is the analysis of the decorative schemes and the appearance of the main visual elements.

Keywords:

Scandinavian art, art of Ancient Rus’, applied art, Novgorod the Great, Slavs and Scandinavian, Viking Age in the Medival Rus’, Pomeranian art, art and archaeology

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.
 

References

Литература

1. Рыбина, Елена и Наталья Хвощинская. “Еще раз о скандинавских находках из раскопок Новгорода”. В сб. Диалог культур и народов средневековой Европы. К 60-летию со дня рождения Евгения Николаевича Носова, под ред. Александра Мусина, 66–78. СПб.: Дмитрий Буланин, 2010.

2. Wilson, Devid and Ole Klindt-Jensen. Viking Art. London: G.Allen and Unwin, 1980.

3. Колчин, Борис. Новгородские древности. Деревянные изделия (САИ; Е-1). М.: Наука, 1986.

4. Колчин, Борис. Новгородские древности. Резное дерево (САИ; Е1-55). М.: Наука, 1971.

5. Graham-Campbell, James. Viking Artefacts. A select Catalogue. London: British museum Рubl., 1980.

6. Lang, James. “The distinctiveness of Viking Colonial Art”. In Sources of Anglo-Saxon Culture, ed. by Paul Szarmach, and Virginia Oggins, 243–60. Kalamazoo: Western Michigan University, 1986.

7. Graham-Campbell, James. “An Anglo-Scandinavian ornamented knife from Canterbury, Kent”. Medieval Archaeology, no. 22 (1978): 130–3.

8. Kershaw, Jane. “Scandinavian-style Metalwork from Southern England: New Light on the ‘First Viking Age’ in Wessex”. In Danes in Wessex. The Scandinavian Impact on Southern England, c. 800 — c. 1100, ed. by Ryan Lavelle, and Simon Roffey, 87–108. Oxford: Oxford & Philadelphia, 2016.

9. Гринев, Андрей. “Усадьбы Неревского конца средневекового Новгорода в Х веке (по материалам Неревского раскопа)”. Дис. канд. ист. наук, Московский государственный университет, 2019.

10. Молчанов, Аркадий. “Знаки Рюриковичей: итоги и проблемы изучения”. В кн. Древнейшие государства Восточной Европы, под ред. Михаила Бибикова, 250–70. М.: Индрик, 2008.

11. Молчанов, Аркадий. “Знаки Рюриковичей: древнерусская княжеская эмблематика”. В кн. Русь в IX–X веках. Археологическая панорама, под ред. Николая Макарова, 436–48. М.; Вологда: Древности Севера, 2012.

12. Пушкина, Тамара. “Изделия косторезного ремесла из Гнёздова”. В сб. Средневековые древности Восточной Европы. Труды ГИМ, no. 82 (1993): 57–68.

13. Kendrick, Thomas. Late Saxon and Viking Art. London: METHUEN & CO.LTD, 1949.

14. Kermode, Philip. Manx Crosses. Balgavies: The Pinkfiit Press, 1994.

15. Filipowiak, Wojciech and Nadezhda Tochilova. “Art as a Symbol of Social Change: Material Expression of Forming Identity in the Early Medieval Trade Towns around South and Eastern Baltic. Wolin and Novgorod Case Study”. Praehistorische Zeitschrift, no. 95/22 (2020): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2020-0028

16. Точилова, Надежда, и Анна Слапиня. “Находка с земляного городища Cтарой Ладоги в контексте распространения скандинавского искусства на славянских территориях”. Древняя Русь. Вопросы медиевистики, no. 1/79 (2020): 110–21. https://doi.org/10.25986/IRI.2020.79.1.008

17. Захаров, Сергей. Древнерусский город Белоозеро. М.: Индрик, 2004.

18. Кулаков, Владимир. “Плетеный орнамент в древностях пруссов”. Ученые записки Новгородского государственного университета им. Ярослава Мудрого, no. 4/22 (2019): 1–9.

19. Stanisławski, Błażej. “Udział wikingów w powstawaniu państwa wczesnopiastowskiego”. Spór o poszątki państwa polskiego, ed. by Wojciech Drelicharz, Dominica Jasiak, and Jacek Poleski, 139–66. Kraków: Historia Iagellonica, 2017.

20. Hucke, Karl. “Das Ringkettenmuster auf Holz- und Knochengeräten der frühgeschichtlichen Zeit in Ostdeutschland”. Altschlesien, no. 8 (1939): 133–8.

21. Мусин, Александр, и Ольга Тарабардина. “Скандинавы среди первопоселенцев Новгорода по данным археологии”. Вестник СПбГУ. История, no. 64/2 (2019): 762–85. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu02.2019.218

22. Точилова, Надежда. “Новгородские резные копылы X–XII вв.: типология и происхождение декора”. В сб. Новгород и Новгородская земля. История и археология. Материалы XXXIII научной конференции, посвященной 90-летию со дня рождения В.Л.Янина. Великий Новгород, 22–24 января 2019 г. Выпуск 33, отв. ред. Е.А.Рыбина, 208–13. Великий Новгород: Новгородский музей-заповедник, 2020.

23. Hedenstierna-Jonson, Charlotte. “A group of Viking Age sword shapes reflecting the political geography of the time”. The Journal of Nordic Archaeological Science, no. 13 (2002): 103–12.

24. Władisłav, Duczko. Moce wikingów. Świat wczesnośredniowiecznych Skandynawów. Warszawa: Erica, 2016.

25. Helmbrecht, Michaela. “Figures, foils and faces — fragments of a pictorial word. Anthropomorphic images from the Vendel period and Viking Age found at Uppåkra”. Folk, fä och fynd. Uppåkrastudier 12. Acta Arch. Lundensia, no. 12 (2013): 9–31.

26. Kowalska, Anna. “Original or imitation? Comments on the presence of the Scandinavians at the estuary of the Oder River in the Early Middle Ages”. Scandinavian Culture in Medieval Poland, ed. by Sławomir Moździoch, Błaźej Stanisławski, and Przemysław Wiszewski, 247–67. Wrocław: Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 2013.

27. Stanisławski, Błaźej. “Norse culture in Wolin-Jomsbyrg”. In Scandinavian Culture in Medieval Poland, ed. by Sławomir Moździoch, Błaźej Stanisławski, and Przemysław Wiszewski, 193–247. Wrocław: Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 2013.

28. Fuglesang, Signe. “The Relationship between Scandinavian and English Art from the Late Eight to Mid-Twelfth Century”. In Sources of Anglo-Saxon Culture, ed. by Paul Szarmach, and Virginia Oggins, 203–41. Michigan: Western Michigan University, 1986.

29. Дубровин, Геннадий. Водный и сухопутный транспорт Древнего Новгорода X–XV вв. М.: Старый сад, 2000.

30. Васильев, Борис. “Костяное изделие из Старой Ладоги”. Русь и Южные Славяне. Сборник статей к 100-летию со дня рождения В. А. Мошина (1894–1987). Отв. ред. В.М.Загребин. 419–429. Спб.: Алетейя, 1998.

References

1. Rybina, Elena and Natalia Hvoshhinskaia. “Once again about the Scandinavian finds from excavations in Novgorod”. In Dialog kul’tur i narodov srednevekovoi Evropy. K 60-letiiu so dnia rozhdeniia Evgeniia Nikolaevicha Nosova, ed. by Alexander Musin, 66–78, St Petersburg: Dmitrii Bulanin Publ., 2010. (In Russian)

2. Wilson, Devid and Ole Klindt-Jensen. Viking Art. London, G.Allen and Unwin Publ., 1980.

3. Kolchin, Boris. Novgorod’s antiquities. Wooden objects. (Corpus of Archaeological Sourses, E-1). Moscow: Nauka Publ., 1986. (In Russian)

4. Kolchin, Boris. Novgorod’s antiquities. Wooden carwing objects. (Corpus of Archaeological Sourses, E1-55). Moscow: Nauka Publ., 1971. (In Russian)

5. Graham-Campbell, James. Viking Artefacts. A select Catalogue. London: British museum Publ., 1980.

6. Lang, James. “The distinctiveness of Viking Colonial Art”. In Sources of Anglo-Saxon Culture, ed. by Paul Szarmach and Virginia Oggins, 243–60, Kalamazoo: Western Michigan University Publ., 1986.

7. Graham-Campbell, James. “An Anglo-Scandinavian ornamented knife from Canterbury, Kent”. Medieval Archaeology, no. 22 (1978): 130–3.

8. Kershaw, Jane. “Scandinavian-style Metalwork from Southern England: New Light on the ‘First Viking Age’ in Wessex”. In Danes in Wessex. The Scandinavian Impact on Southern England, c. 800 — c. 1100, ed. by Ryan Lavelle, and Simon Roffey, 87–108. Oxford: Oxford & Philadelphia, 2016.

9. Grinev, Andrei. “Nerevsky end’s estates of Medieval Novgorod of the 10th century: A case stydy of the Nerevsky site”. DA diss., Moskovskii gosudarstvennyi universitet, 2019. (In Russian).

10. Molchanov, Arcadii. “Signs of Ryriks: results and problems of study”. In Drevneishie gosudarstva Vostochnoi Evropy, ed. by Bibikov, Michail. Moscow: Indrik Publ., 2008. (In Russian)

11. Molchanov, Arcadii. “Signs of Ryriks: emblems of Old Russian princes”. In Rus in the 9th–10th centuries. Archaeological panorama, ed. by Nikolai Makarov, 436–48. Moscow; Vologda: Drevnosti Severa Publ., 2012. (In Russian)

12. Pushkina, Tamara. “Bone-cutting handicrafts from Gnezdovo”. In Srednevekovye drevnosti Vostochnoi Evropy. Trudy GIM, no. 82 (1993): 57–68. (In Russian)

13. Kendrick, Thomas. Late Saxon and Viking Art. London: METHUEN & CO.LTD, 1949.

14. Kermode Philip. Manx Crosses. Balgavies: The Pinkfiit Press, 1994.

15. Filipowiak, Wojciech and Nadezhda Tochilova. “Art as a Symbol of Social Change: Material Expression of Forming Identity in the Early Medieval Trade Towns around South and Eastern Baltic. Wolin and Novgorod Case Study”. Praehistorische Zeitschrift, no. 95/22 (2020): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1515/pz2020-0028

16. Tochilova, Nadezhda, and Anna Slapinia. “A unique archaeological find from the Zemlyanoe Gorodishe of Old Ladoga in the context of the spread of Scandinavian art in the Slavic territories”. In Drevniaia Rus’. Voprosy medievistiki, no. 1/79 (2020): 110–21. https://doi.org/10.25986/IRI.2020.79.1.008 (In Russian)

17. Zaharov, Sergei. Beloozero, Old Russian town. Moscow: Indrik Publ., 2004. (In Russian)

18. Kulakov, Vladimir. “The interlaced ornament in Prussian antiquities”. In Uchenye zapiski Novgorodskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta im. Iaroslava Mudrogo, no. 4/22 (2019): 1–9. (In Russia)

19. Stanisławski, Błażej. “Udział wikingów w powstawaniu państwa wczesnopiastowskiego”. Spór o poszątki państwa polskiego, ed. by Wojciech Drelicharz, Dominica Jasiak, and Jacek Poleski, 139–66. Kraków: Historia Iagellonica, 2017.

20. Hucke, Karl. “Das Ringkettenmuster auf Holz- und Knochengeräten der frühgeschichtlichen Zeit in Ostdeutschland”. Altschlesien, no. 8 (1939): 133–8.

21. Musin, Alexander, and Olga Tarabardina. “The Scandinavians among the First Settlers of Novgorod on the Basis of Archaeological Evidense”. In Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Istorija, no. 2/64 (2019): 762–85. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu02.2019.218 (In Russian)

22. Tochilova, Nadezhda. “Carved uprights of 10th–12th centuries from Novgorod the great. Typology and origin of decorum”. In Novgorod i Novgorodskaia zemlia. Istoriia i arheologiia. Materialy XXXIII nauchnoi konferencii, posviashhennoi 90-letiiu so dnia rozhdeniia V.L.Ianina. Velikii Novgorod, 22–24 ianvaria 2019 g. Iss. 33, ed. by E.A.Rybina, 208–13. Velikii Novgorod: Novgorodskii muzei-zapovednik Publ., 2020. (In Russian)

23. Hedenstierna-Jonson, Charlotte. “A group of Viking Age sword shapes reflecting the political geography of the time”. The Journal of Nordic Archaeological Science, no. 13 (2002): 103–12.

24. Władisłav, Duczko. Moce wikingów. Świat wczesnośredniowiecznych Skandynawów. Warszawa: Erica, 2016.

25. Helmbrecht, Michaela. “Figures, foils and faces — fragments of a pictorial word. Anthropomorphic images from the Vendel period and Viking Age found at Uppåkra”. Folk, fä och fynd. Uppåkrastudier 12. Acta Arch. Lundensia, no. 12 (2013): 9–31.

26. Kowalska, Anna. “Original or imitation? Comments on the presence of the Scandinavians at the estuary of the Oder River in the Early Middle Ages”. Scandinavian Culture in Medieval Poland, ed. by Sławomir Moździoch, Błaźej Stanisławski, and Przemysław Wiszewski, 247–67. Wrocław: Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 2013.

27. Stanisławski, Błaźej. “Norse culture in Wolin-Jomsbyrg”. In Scandinavian Culture in Medieval Poland, ed. by Sławomir Moździoch, Błaźej Stanisławski, and Przemysław Wiszewski, 193–247. Wrocław: Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 2013.

28. Fuglesang, Signe. “The Relationship between Scandinavian and English Art from the Late Eight to Mid-Twelfth Century”. In Sources of Anglo-Saxon Culture, ed. by Paul Szarmach, and Virginia Oggins, 203–41. Michigan: Western Michigan University, 1986.

29. Dubrovin Gennadii. Water and land transport of Ancient Novgorod in the 10th–15th centuries. Moscow: Staryi sad Publ., 2000. (In Russian)

30. Vasil’ev, Boris. “The Bone Object from Old Ladoga”. In Rus’ i Iuzhnye Slaviane. Sbornik statei k 100-letiiu so dnia rozhdeniia V. A. Moshina (1894–1987), ed. by Vyacheslav Zagrebin, 419–29, St Petersburg, Aleteya Publ., 1998. (In Russian)

Published

2023-06-29

How to Cite

Tochilova, N. N. (2023). New Perspectives on Studying Art of the Baltic Region in the 10th–12th Centuries: The Issue of Artistic Interaction between Scandinavia and Ancient Rus’. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts, 13(2), 361–375. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2023.209

Issue

Section

Decorative and applied arts