Фасадная скульптура провинциальной эклектики на примере г. Ростова-на-Дону: иконография, символика, стилистика

Evgenia M. Kishkinova

doi:10.21638/spbu15.2023.304

Authors

Evgenia M. Kishkinova Don State Technical University https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9331-2549

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2023.304

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of eclectic facade sculpture in the historical center of Rostov-on-Don, considered in accordance with specific neo-styles. Sculpture plays an important compositional role in the design of the facades of Neo-Baroque monuments, emphasizing the rhythmic organization of facades, emphasizing the central and corner parts of buildings. Sculptural decor in the design of facades, designed within the neo-Greek and Neo-Renaissance, obeys the compositional rhythm set by architectural forms, is most often placed in architecturally limited fields, highlights the compositional axes of facades and more actively uses motifs of ancient origin. In general, the iconography of the sculptural decor includes plant motifs (laurel, flower, fruit garlands, flower baskets, acanthus, wreaths, rosettes), images of objects, including symbolic ones (shells, cartouches, caduceus, flowerpots, a cornucopia, a fountain, attributes of industry, trade, sciences and arts, armorial shields), zoomorphic images (mainly lion mascarons, griffins), mixanthropic and anthropomorphic images. Among the latest figurines are putti, mascarons of satyrs, Aphrodite, Hermes; belt herms of Hercules, Omphale, Deianira; sculptures of nymphs, Apollo, Ceres, goddesses of Glory; scenes from the history of Cupid and Psyche. The symbolism of the sculptural decor corresponds to the purpose of the building, expresses the ideas of prosperity and progress: Ceres, Apollo, the goddess of Glory — on the building of the City Duma; musical instruments and theatrical masks — on the theater building; plots symbolizing various types of activities — on the building of the Property Pledge Society; attributes of trade, industry, sciences, arts, mascarons of Hermes and his caduceus, cornucopia — on tenement houses; Hercules, Dejanira, Omphala, Aphrodite’s mascarons are on the mansions. There is a “universalization” of the mascarons of Hermes and his caduceus, which are used everywhere, regional motifs appear (bees, salting fish), the use of neo-style decor on the building, reproducing the type of kuren, is noted. Stylistically, the sculpture is focused mainly on classicism and the Renaissance, using the techniques of mannerism, baroque, rococo. The prototypes are the motifs of the sculptural decoration of famous buildings in St Petersburg, Vienna, Berlin, Brussels, chronologically close to the monuments under consideration.

Keywords:

architecture of Rostov-on-Don, eclecticism, facade monumental and decorative sculpture, neo-baroque, neo-renaissance, neo-Greek

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Литература

1. Пунин, Андрей. Архитектура Петербурга середины и второй половины XIX века. Том 1. 1830–1860-е годы. Ранняя эклектика. СПб.: Крига, 2011.

2. Пунин, Андрей. Архитектура Петербурга середины и второй половины XIX века. Том 3. 1860–1890-е годы. СПб.: Крига, 2020.

3. Лисовский, Владимир. Архитектура Петербурга. Три века истории. СПб.: Славия, 2004.

4. Бурдяло, Алексей. Необарокко в архитектуре Петербурга. СПб.: Искусство-СПб., 2002.

5. Царева, Софья. “Скульптурный декор в архитектуре Москвы конца XVIII — первой половины XIX века. Тематика, иконографические источники, скульптурные мастерские”. Автореф. дис. канд. иск., Научно-исследовательский институт теории и истории архитектуры и градостроительства, 2018.

6. Окунева, Татьяна. “Семантика архитектурного декора русского модерна”. Автореф. дис. канд. иск., Российский государственный гуманитарный университет, 2010.

7. Соколов, Борис. “Каменный сад русского модерна”. Наше наследие, no. 3 (2005): 150–65.

8. Халпахчьян, Оганес. Архитектура Нахичевани-на-Дону. Ереван: Айастан, 1988.

9. Есаулов, Георгий. Архитектура Юга России: от истории к современности. М.: Архитектура-С, 2016.

10. Есаулов, Георгий, и Валентина Черницына. Архитектурная летопись Ростова-на-Дону. Ростов н/Д.: Малыш, 1999.

11. Волошинова, Любовь. Бульварная площадь. Ростов н/Д.: Донской издательский дом, 2001.

12. Волошинова, Любовь. Перекресток столетий. Ростов н/Д.: Донской издательский дом, 2004.

13. Волошинова, Любовь. “Ростовские годы Сильвестро Тонитто”. Донской временник, вып. 27 (2018): 133–7.

14. Волошинова, Любовь. Творения московских и петербургских зодчих в Ростове-на-Дону. Ростов н/Д.: Новая книга, 2003.

15. Москаленко, Ирина. “Стилистические особенности эклектики в центральной части города Ростова-на-Дону на рубеже XIX — XX веков”. Инженерный вестник Дона, no. 2 (2013). Дата обращения июнь 22, 2021. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/stilisticheskie-osobennosti-eklektiki-v-tsentralnoy-chasti-goroda-rostova-na-donu-na-rubezhe-xix-xx-vekov.

16. Тер-Абрамиан, Иван. Весь Ростов н/Д на 1897 год. Адрес-календарь, торгово-промышленная справочная книга. Ростов н/Д.: Типо-лит. И. А. Тер-Абрамиан, 1897.

17. Гуржиева, Ирина. “Пластика неоклассики и модерна”. Коллекционеръ, no. 4 (2011): 30–3.

18. Ухрянченко, Елена. “Нарративные рельефы в ростовской архитектуре конца XIX — начала XX веков”. Известия Ростовского государственного строительного университета, no. 19 (2015): 274–9.

19. Чеснок, Валерий. Олимпийские богини, боги и герои Большой Садовой. Ростов н/Д.: ГинГО, 2010.

20. Кишкинова, Евгения, Виктория Пищулина и Анна Попова. Творчество академика архитектуры А. Н. Померанцева. Ростов н/Д.: ЛАКИ ПАК, 2015.

21. Кишкинова, Евгения, и Анна Попова. “Фасадная скульптура модерна в Ростове-на-Дону”. Заметки ученого, no. 4–1 (2021): 31–40.

22. Кишкинова, Евгения, и Милена Стародубцева. “Образ льва в монументально-декоративной скульптуре Ростова-на-Дону конца XIX — начала XX века”. Заметки ученого, no. 1-1 (2022): 466–70.

23. Барановский, Георгий. Архитектурная энциклопедия второй половины XIX века. 7 томов. СПб.: Издание редакции журнала «Строитель», 1904, т. 3.

24. Ботт, Ираида. “Неостили в русской мебели XIX века. Петербургские мебельные мастерские в эпоху историзма”. Дис. канд. иск., Санкт-Петербургский государственный академический институт живописи, скульптуры и архитектуры им. И. Е. Репина, 2008.

References

1. Punin, Andrey. Architecture of St Petersburg in the middle and second half of the 19th century. Volume 1. 1830–1860s. early eclecticism. St Petersburg: Kriga Publ., 2011. (In Russian)

2. Punin, Andrey. Architecture of St Petersburg in the middle and second half of the 19th century. Volume 3. 1860–1890s. St Petersburg: Kriga Publ., 2020. (In Russian)

3. Lisovsky, Vladimir. Petersburg architecture. Three centuries of history. St Petersburg: Slaviia Publ., 2004. (In Russian)

4. Burdyalo, Alexey. Neo-baroque in the architecture of St Petersburg. St Petersburg: Iskusstvo-SPb Publ., 2002. (In Russian)

5. Tsareva, Sophia. “Sculptural decoration in the architecture of Moscow at the end of the 18th — the first half of the 19th century. Themes, iconographic sources, sculptural workshops”. PhD thesis abstract, Nauchno-issledovatel’skii institut teorii i istorii arkhitektury i gradostroitel’stva, 2018. (In Russian)

6. Okuneva, Tatiana. “Semantics of Russian Art Nouveau Architectural Décor”. PhD thesis abstract, Rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi gumanitarnyi universitet, 2010. (In Russian)

7. Sokolov, Boris. “Stone Garden of Russian Art Nouveau”. Our Heritage, no. 3 (2005): 150–65. (In Russian)

8. Khalpakhchyan, Hovhannes. Architecture of Nakhichevan-on-Don. Yerevan: Ayastan Publ., 1988. (In Russian)

9. Esaulov, Georgy. Architecture of the South of Russia: from history to the present. Moscow: Arkhitektura-S Publ., 2016. (In Russian)

10. Esaulov, Georgy, and Valentina Chernitsyna. Architectural chronicle of Rostov-on-Don. Rostov-on-Don: Malysh Publ., 1999. (In Russian)

11. Voloshinova, Lyubov. Boulevard Square. Rostov-on-Don: Donskoi izdatelskii dom Publ., 2001. (In Russian)

12. Voloshinova, Lyubov. Crossroads of centuries. Rostov-on-Don: Donskoi izdatelskii dom Publ., 2004. (In Russian)

13. Voloshinova, Lyubov. “Rostov years of Silvestro Tonitto”. Donskoi Vremennik 27 (2018): 133–7. (In Russian)

14. Voloshinova, Lyubov. Creations of Moscow and St Petersburg architects in Rostov-on-Don. Rostov-on-Don: Novaia kniga Publ., 2003. (In Russian)

15. Moskalenko, Irina. “Stylistic features of eclecticism in the central part of the city of Rostov-on-Don at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries”. Don Engineering Gazette, no. 2 (2013). Accessed June 22, 2021. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/stilisticheskie-osobennosti-eklektiki-v-tsentralnoy-chasti-goroda-rostova-na-donu-na-rubezhe-xix-xx-vekov. (In Russian)

16. Ter-Abramian, Ivan. All Rostov-on-Don in 1897. Address-calendar, commercial and industrial reference book. Rostov-on-Don: Tipo-lit. I. A. Ter-Abramian Publ., 1897. (In Russian)

17. Gurzhieva, Irina. “Plastics of Neoclassicism and Modernity”. Collector, no. 4 (2011): 30–3. (In Russian)

18. Ukhryanchenko, Elena. “Narrative Reliefs in Rostov Architecture of the Late 19th — Early 20th Centuries”. Bulletin of the Rostov State University of Civil Engineering, no. 19 (2015): 274–9. (In Russian)

19. Tscesnok, Valery. Olympian goddesses, gods and heroes of Bolshaya Sadovaya. Rostov-on-Don: GinGO Publ., 2010. (In Russian)

20. Kishkinova, Evgenia, Victoria Pishchulina, and Anna Popova. Creativity of Academician of Architecture A. N. Pomerantsev. Rostov-on-Don: LAKI PAK Publ., 2015. (In Russian)

21. Kishkinova, Evgenia, and Anna Popova. “Modern Facade Sculpture in Rostov-on-Don”. Notes of a Scholar, no. 4–1 (2021): 31–40. (In Russian)

22. Kishkinova, Evgenia, and Milena Starodubtseva. “The Image of a Lion in the Monumental and Decorative Sculpture of Rostov-on-Don at the End of the 19th — Early 20th Centuries”. Notes of a Scholar, no. 1–1 (2022): 466–70. (In Russian)

23. Baranovsky, George. Architectural encyclopedia of the second half of the XIX century. 7 vols. St Petersburg: Edition of the editors of the magazine “Builder”, 1904, vol. 3. (In Russian)

24. Bott, Iraida. “Neo-styles in Russian furniture of the 19th century. Petersburg furniture workshops in the era of historicism”. PhD thesis, Sankt-Peterburgskii gosudarstvennyi akademicheskii institut zhivopisi, skul’ptury i arkhitektury imeni I. E. Repina, 2008. (In Russian)