A Comparative Study of the Talking Tree Motif in Persian Versions of Qazvini’s Wonders of Creation (Ajā’ib al-makhlūqāt wa gharā’ib al-mawjūdāt)

Авторы

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2021.207

Аннотация

A tree is one of the most beautiful creations in the world. The development of mythical concepts and the prevalence of some beliefs about it have led to certain connotations and the emergence of specific beliefs in human thought. Among trees, there is the talking tree (Waqwaq), which has a long history and has been mentioned in various books, including reliable geographic sources such as Qazvini’s the Wonders of Creation. The article examines the pictorial motif of talking tree in the Persian version of Qazvini’s Wonders of Creation and considers the similarities and differences of its presentation in Persian versions as well as the origin of its aesthetic principles. The results of the research show that all versions have human heads or a statue on the tree. Among them, the Wonders of Creation 1816 AD has a female motif and depicts a female statue on the tree. The head motif in the Wonders of Creation of 1550–1560 AD is male and illustrates masculine statues on the tree. The head motif in the Wonders of Creation 1566 AD, the Wonders of Creation of the 16 century AD, the Wonders of Creation 1651 AD and the Wonders of Creation 1695 AD and the two heads in the Wonders of Creation 1822 AD was male and only depict human heads on the tree, not the full body. In some versions, in addition to human heads, animal heads are also portrayed on the tree. What is interesting is the presence of the head of legendary animals and birds such as Dragon and Simurgh.

Ключевые слова:

Persian version, Wonders of Creation, Zakariya al-Qazvini, talking tree, Persian painting, Iran, Waqwaq

Скачивания

Данные скачивания пока недоступны.
 

Библиографические ссылки

References

1. Ajand, Yaghoub. Seven Principles of Decoration of Iranian Art. Tehran: Peykareh Press, 2014. (In Persian)

2. Binyon, Laurence, James Vere Stewart Wilkinson, and Basil Gray. Persian Miniature Painting: Including a Critical and Descriptive Catalogue of the Miniatures Exhibited at Burlington House. Transl. by Mohammad Iranmanesh. Tehran: Amir Kabir Press, 1993. (In Persian)

3. Delavari, Diana. “Analyzing and Investigating Illustrations of the Ancient Manuscripts of Qazwini’s Wonders of Creation and Strange Things Existing Ajā’ib al-makhlūqāt wa gharā’ib al-mawjūdāt in the Munich Library Emphasizing on the marine creatures”. Master diss., Al-Zahra University, 2015. (In Persian)

4. Kianinejad, Ashraf. “Introducing and Studying the Illustrated Manuscript of Qazwini’s Wonders of Creation at University of Cambridge”. Majale Name-e Baharestan, no. 3/74 (2014): 60–75. Accessed May 28, 2019. http://archive.ical.ir/files/nameh/na-03-05.pdf. (In Persian)

5. Taheri, Alireza, and Maryam Zand Haghighi. “Picture of Demon, Giant and Jinn in the Qazwini’s Wonders of Creation and Strange Things Existing”. Majale Naghshmayeh, no. 12 (2012): 27–38. Accessed July 02, 2019. https://www.sid.ir/fa/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=214023 (In Persian)

6. Grabar, Oleg. Mostly Miniatures: An Introduction to Persian painting. Transl. by Mehrdad Vahdati Daneshmand. Tehran: Fahangestan Honar Publications, 2003. (In Persian)

7. Nazarli, Mais M.D. The Dual World of Iranian Miniatures. Transl. by Abbas Aliezati. Tehran: Fahangestan Honar Publications, 2006. (In Persian)

8. Atila, Oya. “Vakvak Üslûbu.” In III. Uluslararası Güzel Sanatlar Bilimsel Araştırma Günleri 08–10 Nisan 2016, ed. by Duygu Ulusoy Yilmaz, 850–64. Sivas: Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2016. Accessed April 16, 2019. https://www.academia.edu/33043516/VAKVAK_%C3%9CSL%C3%9BBU_WAQWAQ_STYLE. (In Turkish)

9. Kumar, Ann. “‘The Single Most Astonishing Fact of Human Geography’: Indonesia’s Far West Colony”. Indonesia 92 (2011): 59–96. Accessed February 28, 2019. https://ecommons.cornell.edu/handle/1813/54567.

10. Mosaheb, Gholamhossein. The Persian Encyclopedia. 3 vols. Tehran: Amir Kabir, 2002, vol. 2. (In Persian)

11. Moin, Mohammad. Mo’in Encyclopedic Dictionary. 6 vols. Tehran: Amir Kabir, 1981, vol. 6. (In Persian)

12. Khalaf Tabrizi, Mohammad Hossein. Borhan-e Qate Dictionary. 5 vols. Tehran: Amir Kabir, 1938, vol. 2. (In Persian)

13. Al-Hadi, Yusuf. “Investigating the Land of Waqwaq”. Majale Ayeneh-e Miras, no. 2–3 (2000): 16–8. Accessed January 16, 2019. http://www.mirasmaktoob.ir/sites/default/files/archive/pdf/A10-11-Jahanbakhsh-Vagh.pdf. (In Persian)

14. Ibn Khordadbeh, Abi al-Qasim Obaidullah bin Abdullah. Book of Roads and Kingdoms (al-Masālik w’al-Mamālik). Beirut: Cleopatra, 1408. (In Arabic)

15. Mostofi, Hamdollah. Pleasure of the Hearts. Ed. by Guy Le Strange. Tehran: Donyay-e Ketab Press, 1362. (In Persian)

16. Ramhormozi, Shahriar. Wonders of India. Transl. by Mohammad Malekzadeh. Tehran: Foundation for Iranian Culture, 1969. (In Persian)

17. Al-Bīrūnī, Abū Rayḥān Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad. Verifying All That the Indians Recount, the Reasonable and the Unreasonable. Ed. by Manouchehr Sadoughi Saha. Tehran: Institute for Cultural Studies and Research, 1983. (In Persian)

18. Moharrami, Arghavan. “A Study of Gemstone in the Book of Zakariya al-Qazwini’s Wonders of Creation and Strange Things Existing”. Faslnameh Faranama, no. 4. (2018): 68–79. Accessed December 01, 2018. https://faranama.iranology.ir/Files/4_6.pdf. (In Persian)

19. Ebrahimi, Masoumeh. “A Comparative Study of Supernatural Beings in Qazvini’s ‘Ajāyeb al-Maxlūqāt’ and Fozuni Astarabadi’s ‘Bohaira’”. Journal of Comparative literature 3, iss. 6 (2013): 1. Accessed January 25, 2018. https://www.magiran.com/paper/1082515/?lang=en. (In Persian)

20. Alaei, Sirus. “World View of Zakariya al-Qazwini”. Majale Iranshenasi, no. 4 (1993): 526–36. Accessed January 25, 2018. http://ensani.ir/file/download/article/20120325200104-1125-230.pdf. (In Persian)

Sources

I. “Bodleian Treasures Featured on BBC2”. Bodleian Library and Radcliffe Camera. Accessed September 12, 2019. https://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/news/2010/2010_aug_19.

II. “A Nation of People Who Grow on Trees <…>”. LACMA. Accessed October 12, 2019. https://collections.lacma.org/node/239770.

III. “The Wonders of Creation”. World Digital Library. Accessed December 16, 2019. https://www.wdl.org/en/item/10606/view/1/328/.

IV. “The Wonders of Creation”. World Digital Library. Accessed December 16, 2019. https://www.wdl.org/en/item/10606/view/1/330/.

V. “Ajāʼib al-makhlūqāt (MS Nn. 3.74)”. University of Cambridge Digital Library. Accessed March 26, 2020. https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-NN-00003-00074/115.

VI. “Marvels of Creation”. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Accessed December 23, 2019. https://collections.mfa.org/objects/13886.

VII. “Marvels of Creation”. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Accessed December 23, 2019. https://www.pinterest.com/pin/121245414954899974/.

VIII. “The Wonders of Creation”. The Walters Art Museum. Accessed February 22, 2020. https://www.thedigitalwalters.org/Data/WaltersManuscripts/W652/data/W. 652/sap/W652_000278_sap.jpg.

IX. “ʽAǧāʾib al-maḫlūqāt wa-ġarāʾib al-mauǧūdāt”. Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin. Accessed February 22, 2020. http://resolver.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de/SBB0000D1F900000000.

X. “Ajāʼib al-makhlūqāt”. Internet Archive. Accessed September 12, 2019. https://archive.org/details/McGillLibrary-126079-3024/page/n175/mode/2up.

XI. “Ajāʼib al-makhlūqāt”. Internet Archive. Accessed September 12, 2019. https://archive.org/details/McGillLibrary-126079-3024/page/n177/mode/2up.

XII. “Tarjumah-ʼi ʻAjā’ib al-makhlūqāt”. Qatar Digital Library. Accessed September 12, 2019. https://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100069559267.0x00004c.

XIII. “Tarjumah-ʼi ʻAjā’ib al-makhlūqāt”. Qatar Digital Library. Accessed September 12, 2019. https://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100069559267.0x00004e.

XIV. “ʿAǧāʾib al-maḫlūqāt wa-ġarāʾib al-mauğūdāt”. Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin. Accessed February 22, 2020. http://resolver.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de/SBB0000B9AD00000000.

XV. “ʻAjāʾib al-makhlūqāt wa-gharāʾib al-mawjūdāt”. Princeton University Digital Library. Accessed November 22, 2019. http://pudl.princeton.edu/viewer.php?obj=h989r3272page/120/mode/1up.

XVI. “ʻAjāʾib al-makhlūqāt wa-gharāʾib al-mawjūdāt”. Princeton University Digital Library. Accessed November 22, 2019. http://pudl.princeton.edu/viewer.php?obj=h989r3272page/121/mode/1up.

Загрузки

Опубликован

09.06.2021

Как цитировать

Heidari, F., & Hosseini, S. R. . (2021). A Comparative Study of the Talking Tree Motif in Persian Versions of Qazvini’s Wonders of Creation (Ajā’ib al-makhlūqāt wa gharā’ib al-mawjūdāt). Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Искусствоведение, 11(2), 288–309. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2021.207

Выпуск

Раздел

Изобразительное искусство