Urban-planning of Petrograd—Leningrad: revolutionary defeat of 1917–1918 to the renaissance of 1935
Abstract
Based on the complex study of archival and published materials, the article presents a detailed picture of urban-planning processes development in Petrograd—Leningrad for the period of 1917–1935. The archival records have shown that at first (1917–1923) there was a tendency to deliberately break with the pre-revolutionary tradition to tackle St.-Petersburg—Petrograd urban-planning problems. But since 1923 there started a processes of compelled return to the pre-revolutionary urban management system, the old normative base and regulation of urban development in Petrograd and Petrograd region (which was re-named Leningrad region in 1927). Thus, the urban-planning strategy was gradually being reconstructed, which resulted in creating a new, much more big-scaled Leningrad school of developing and implementing urban-planning processes. The article focuses on the work of two centers of urban development regulation functioning in 1918–1925 (under the direction of I. A . Fomin, A. F. Sharov, and L. A . Ilyin), and since 1925 — the only center integrated into the municipal government system (under the direction of A. F. Sharov and L. A . Ilyin). In addition, it analyzes the successive stages of development of urban planning-design organization, based on the principles of constituency and innovations, in Leningrad and development cycles of the General Development Plan of Petrograd—Leningrad in 1919–1933 which resulted in creating the Draft Development Plan of Leningrad in 1933, the largest and best worked out plan in pre-war period (by the architect L. A . Ilyin), and also in developing its shortened variant in 1935 (under the pressure of the Moscow authorities) — the General Development Plan of Petrograd—Leningrad in 1935 (headed by the architect L. A . Ilyin).
Keywords:
urban-planning development, urban development regulation system, urban management system, constituency and innovations, stages of working out the General Development Plan of Leningrad, origins of the Leningrad town-planning school, creative activities of I. A . Fomin and L. A . Ilyin
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Articles of "Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts" are open access distributed under the terms of the License Agreement with Saint Petersburg State University, which permits to the authors unrestricted distribution and self-archiving free of charge.