A Comparative Study of Urartian Jewelries of Urmia Museum, Iran

Maryam Abbaszadeh; Obeydollah Sorkh Abi; Maryam Mastalizadeh; Samad Parvin

doi:10.21638/spbu15.2022.306

Authors

Maryam Abbaszadeh University of Mohaghegh Ardabili
Obeydollah Sorkh Abi University of Mohaghegh Ardabili
Maryam Mastalizadeh University of Mazandaran
Samad Parvin University of Mohaghegh Ardabili https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8141-9027

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2022.306

Abstract

Urartu is one of the powers of the beginning of the first millennium B. C., which has been located in Turkey, Armenia and north-west of Iran, competing strongly with New Assyrian Empire and encountering to local government of Mannea, and has dominated on some parts of Urmia Lake. The presence of Urartu can be seen in architectural remains in areas like Bastam and Hasanlu. But, the cultural effect of this great power and its affection on physical remains, to comprehend the process of forming and completion of the region’s combined art works, has not been taken into account so much. However, in the Urmia Museum, there is a significant number of artifacts attributed to Urartu have not yet been introduced or studied.In the present study, aims to fill this gap, 31 artifacts including: strap, bracelet, necklace, rod and safety pin and tweezers were selected and documentedfrom the treasury of Urmia Museum. The results of this study can be used for more precise studies in the future aimed to determine factors affected forming of the style features of Urartian art and the Urartian artistic and cultural impression on the region’s culture and art during 7^th and 8^th centuries B. C., which has been obviously appeared in art works of Mannea territory.

Keywords:

Urartu, jewelries, Urmia Museum, comparative study, art history

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

References

1. Muscarella, Oscar White. “Urartian Metal Artifacts: An Archaeological Review”. In Muscarella, Oscar White. Archaeology, Artifacts and Antiquities of the Ancient Near East, chief ed. Thomas Schneider, 621–50. Leiden: Brill, 2013. (Culture and History of the Ancient Near East, 62). https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004236691_022

2. Abbaszadeh, Maryam. “Identifying and Classifying Urartian Object of Urmia Museum”. Master’s Thesis in Archeology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, 2017. (In Persian)

3. Lehmann-Haupt, Ferdinand Friedrich Carl. Armenien, einst und jetzt. 2 vols. Berlin: B. Behr, 1910–1931.

4. Loon, Maurits Nanning. Urartian Art: Its Distinctive Traits in the Light of New Excavations. Istanbul: Nederlands Historisch-Archaeologisch Instituut, 1966.

5. Piotrovskii, Boris. Urartu: The Kingdom of Van and Its Art. Transl. and ed. by Peter S. Gelling. New York; Washington: F. A. Praeger, 1967.

6. Akurgal, Ekrem. Urartäische und altiranische Kunstzentren. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 1968. (Türk Tarih Kurumu Yayinlarindan, VI, no. 9).

7. Azarpay, Guitty. Urartian Art and Artifacts: A Chronological Study. Berkeley; Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1968.

8. Zimansky, Paul. “Urartian Material Culture as State Assemblage: An Anomaly in the Archaeology of Empire”. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, no. 299/300 (1995): 103–15. https://doi.org/10.2307/1357348

9. Piotrovskii, Boris. Karmir-Blur. 3 vols. Yerevan: Izd-vo AN Armianskoi SSR Publ., 1950, vol. I: Rezul’taty rabot arkheologicheskoi ekspeditsii Instituta istorii Akademii nauk Armianskoi SSR i Gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha 1939-1949 gg. (Arkheologicheskie raskopki v Armenii, no. 1). (In Russian)

10. Hajizadeh, Karim. "A Study of Urartian Settlements in Northwestern Iran (700–900 B. C.)". Master’s Thesis in Archeology, University of Tehran, 1995. (In Persian)

11. Biber, Hanif. “Urartian Weapons”. In Urartu: Transformation in the East, ed. by Kemalettin Köroğlu, Erkan Konyar, transl. by Azer Keskin, Gürkan Ergin, Yiğit Değer Bengi, 234–47. Istanbul: 1st Printing, 2011. (Anatolian Civilizations Series, 1).

12. Behzadi, Roghayeh. Ancient Nations in Central Asia and the Iranian Plateau. Tehran: Ministry of Foreign Affairs Publications, 1994. (In Persian)

13. Sasan, Najafi, and Saeed Ahmadi Aliaei. “Genealogy of Zivieh Hill Motifs in the Ancient Arts of Mesopotamia and Asia Minor”. Research in Arts and Humanities 4, no. 2 (2017): 11–7. (In Persian)

14. Fereydoun, Avarzamani. “A Look at Urartu Culture and Civilization”. Peyman Cultural Quarterly, no. 5–6 (1976): 78–89. (In Persian)

15. Reindell, Ingrid. “Conservation of Bronzes and Technical Remarks”. In Ayanis I. Ten Years Excavations at Rusahinili Eiduru-kai 1989–1998, ed. by Altan Çilingiroğlu, Mirjo Salvini, 381–90. Roma: Istituto per gli studi micenei ed egeo-anatolici CNR, 2001. (Documenta Asiana, 6).

16. Sevin, Vali. “The Origins of the Urartians in the Light of the Van / Karagündüz Excavations”. Anatolian Studies 49 (1999): 159–64.

17. Talaee, Hassan. Archeology and Art of Iran in the First Millennium BC. Tehran: Sanat Publications, 1995.

18. Murray, Peter Roger Stewart. Old Bronze Undergrounds of Iran. Transl. by Ali Dabbeigi. Kermanshah: Kermanshah Publications, 2000.

19. Muscarella, Oscar White. Bronze and Iron. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1988.

20. Barnett, Richard David. “The Urartian Cemetery at Igdir”. Anatolian Studies 13 (1965): 153–98. https://doi.org/10.2307/3642493

21. Çavuşoğlu, Rafet. “Urartian Jewellery from Kalecik Necropolis, Van”. In International Symposium of East Anatolia and South Caucasus Cultures, ed. by Mehmet Işikli and Birol Can. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars, 2015, vol. 2: 229–41.

22. Kohlmeyer, Kay. “Armlets”. In Urartu: A Metalworking Center in the First Millennium B. C. E., ed. by Rivka Merhav, range of pages of a section. Jerusalem: The Israel Museum, 1991. (Cataloque “Muzeʼon Yiśraʼel (Jerusalem)”, mis. 324).

23. Heydari, Narjes, and Mojtaba Safari. “Typology and Analysis on the Use of Rod and Safety Pins”. Modares Archaeological Research 1, no. 1 (2009): 6–18. (In Persian)

24. Stronach, David. “The Development of the Fibula in the Near East”. Iraq 21, no. 2 (1959): 180–206.

25. Çavuşoğlu, Rafet. “Urartian Jewlery”. In Urartu: Transformation in the East, ed. by Kemalettin Köroğlu, Erkan Konyar, transl. by Azer Keskin, Gürkan Ergin, Yiğit Değer Bengi, 250–64. Istanbul: 1st Printing, 2011. (Anatolian Civilizations Series, 1).

26. Mirfatah, Seyyed Ali Asghar, and Reza Sabouri Nojehdehi. Urartu Culture in Northwestern Iran. Abhar: Islamic Azad University, Abhar Branch, 2011. (In Persian)

27. Piotrovskii, Boris. Urartu Civilization. Transl. by Hamid Khatib Shahidi. Tehran: Andisheh, 2004. (In Persian)