Применение наноматериалов в консервации монументальной живописи на штукатурном основании

Dina A. Fomitova; Margarita U. Satunkina

doi:10.21638/spbu15.2025.105

Authors

Dina A. Fomitova St. Petersburg State University https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7616-9257
Margarita U. Satunkina https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0425-6340

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2025.105

Abstract

The problem of the destruction of paintings on a plaster ground has been the object of research by restorers in Russia since the end of the 19th century. After the negative experience with the use of gypsum and cement as reagents for hardening plaster foundations, lime-based formulations were already used by restorers at the beginning of the 20th century to harden cavities and lags in plaster foundations. Today, lime injection compounds specially developed for restoration purposes are also widely used for this purpose. Destruction of the painting structure is the most serious damage to monumental paintings. It is often caused by abundant exposure to moisture, which activates the process of salt migration in the structure of the painting. While in the past, areas of damaged painting due to leaks were removed together with the plaster base and subsequently recreated in the technique and manner of the author, today restorers are increasingly concerned about the preservation and restoration of salt-damaged paintings. In the last decade, foreign experts have developed innovative effective methods and materials for the restoration of the destroyed structure of painting, as well as combating the main causes of its destruction. The article analyses the problems associated with the destruction of wall paintings, as well as methods of conservation of monumental paintings based on the use of nanomaterials, presents the experience of application of nano-lime on monuments of cultural heritage by foreign restorers. Italian restorers have been investigating the use of nano-lime as a strengthening consolidant for more than 15 years. Over the last few years, master’s students of St. Petersburg State University have studied and tested methods and materials of foreign restorers not previously used in Russian practice.

Keywords:

destruction of painting, salt damage, restoration, nanomaterials, consolidants, nanolime, painting conservation, desalting compress

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Литература

1. Giorgi, Rodorico, Moira Ambrosi, Nicola Toccafondi, and Piero Baglioni. “Nanoparticles for Cultural Heritage Conservation: Calcium and Barium Hydroxide Nanoparticles for Wall Painting Consolidation”. Chemistry 31, no. 16 (2010): 9374–82. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201001443

2. Baglioni, Piero, Rodorico Giorgi, and Ching-chih Chen. “Nanoparticle Technology Saves Cultural Relics: Potential for a Multimedia Digital Library”. In Proceedings of the DELOS/NSF Workshop on Multimedia Contents in Digital Libraries. Chania (Grecia) 2–3 Giugno 2003, 1–8. Дата обращения декабрь 7, 2023. https://hdl.handle.net/2158/341501.pdf.

3. Taniguchi, Norio, Chuichi Arakawa, and Toshiо Kobayashi. “On the Basic Concept of ‘Nano-Technology’”. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Production Engineering. Tokyo, Japan. 26–29 August 1974. Tokyo: Japan Society of Precision Engineering, 1974.

4. Baglioni, Piero, David Chelazzi, and Rodorico Giorgi. Nanotechnologies in the conservation of cultural heritage. New York: Springer, 2014.

5. Ambrosi, Moira, Luigi Dei, Rodorico Giorgi, Chiara Neto, and Piero Baglioni. “Colloidal Particles of Ca(OH)2: Properties and Applications to Restoration of Frescoes”. Langmuir, no. 17 (2001): 4251–5. https://doi.org/10.1021/LA010269B

6. Mussacchi, Jessica, and Tereza Diaz Gonçalves. Influence of nano-lime and nano-silica consolidants in the drying kinetics of three porous building materials. Lisboa: LNEC, 2014.

7. Giorgi, Rodorico, Dei Luigi, and Baglioni Piero. “А new method for consolidating wall paintings based on dispersions of lime in alcohol”. Studies in Conservation 45, no. 3 (2000): 154–61. https://doi.org/10.1179/sic.2000.45.3.154

8. Natali, Irene, Maria Loisa Saladino, Fabrizio Andriuloa, Delia Chillura Martino, Eugenio Caponetti, Emiliano Carretti, and Luigi Dei. “Consolidation and protection by nanolime: Recent advances for the conservation of the graffiti, Carceri dello Steri Palermo and of the 18th century lunettes, SS. Giuda e Simone Cloister, Corniola (Empoli)”. Journal of Cultural Heritage 15, no. 2 (2013): 151–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2013.03.002

9. Цзинь Юйчэнь. “Методы исследования и реставрация росписей в пещерах Могао. Дуньхуан”. Магистерская дисс., Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, 2021. Дата обращения май 16, 2024. https://dspace.spbu.ru/handle/11701/31312.

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References

1. Giorgi, Rodorico, Moira Ambrosi, Nicola Toccafondi, and Piero Baglioni. “Nanoparticles for Cultural Heritage Conservation: Calcium and Barium Hydroxide Nanoparticles for Wall Painting Consolidation”. Chemistry 31, no. 16 (2010): 9374–82. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201001443

2. Baglioni, Piero, Rodorico Giorgi, and Ching-chih Chen. “Nanoparticle Technology Saves Cultural Relics: Potential for a Multimedia Digital Library”. In Proceedings of the DELOS/NSF Workshop on Multimedia Contents in Digital Libraries. Chania (Grecia) 2–3 Giugno 2003, 1–8. Accessed December 7, 2023. https://hdl.handle.net/2158/341501.pdf.

3. Taniguchi, Norio, Chuichi Arakawa, and Toshiо Kobayashi. “On the Basic Concept of ‘Nano-Technology’”. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Production Engineering. Tokyo, Japan. 26–29 August 1974. Tokyo: Japan Society of Precision Engineering, 1974.

4. Baglioni, Piero, David Chelazzi, and Rodorico Giorgi. Nanotechnologies in the conservation of cultural heritage. New York: Springer, 2014.

5. Ambrosi, Moira, Luigi Dei, Rodorico Giorgi, Chiara Neto, and Piero Baglioni. “Colloidal Particles of Ca(OH)2: Properties and Applications to Restoration of Frescoes”. Langmuir, no. 17 (2001): 4251–5. https://doi.org/10.1021/LA010269B

6. Mussacchi, Jessica, and Tereza Diaz Gonçalves. Influence of nano-lime and nano-silica consolidants in the drying kinetics of three porous building materials. Lisboa: LNEC. 2014.

7. Giorgi, Rodorico, Dei Luigi, and Baglioni Piero. “А new method for consolidating wall paintings based on dispersions of lime in alcohol”. Studies in Conservation 45, no. 3 (2000): 154–61. https://doi.org/10.1179/sic.2000.45.3.154

8. Natali, Irene, Maria Loisa Saladino, Fabrizio Andriuloa, Delia Chillura Martino, Eugenio Caponetti, Emiliano Carretti, and Luigi Dei. “Consolidation and protection by nanolime: Recent advances for the conservation of the graffiti, Carceri dello Steri Palermo and of the 18th century lunettes, SS. Giuda e Simone Cloister, Corniola (Empoli)”. Journal of Cultural Heritage 15, no. 2 (2013): 151–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2013.03.002

9. Czin Ujcen. “Research methods and restoration of paintings in the Mogao caves, Dunhuang”. MA diss., St. Petersburg State University, 2021. Accessed May 16, 2024. https://dspace.spbu.ru/handle/11701/31312. (In Russian)

10. Fomitova, Dina, and Czin Ujcen. “Appraisal of methods for Removing Salts from the Structure of the Plaster Layer Based on the Analysis of Investigations and Methods of a Collaborative Project of the Getty Conservation Institute and the Dunhuang Academy in the Mogao Caves”. Terra Artis. Iskusstvo i dizain, no. 1 (2022): 2836. https://doi.org/10.53273/27128768_2022_1_28 (In Russian)

11. Satunkina, Margarita. “The use of nanotechnology in the conservation of mural paintings”. MA diss., St. Petersburg State University, 2021. Accessed May 14, 2024. https://dspace.spbu.ru/handle/11701/41936. (In Russian)