The Soviet Past on the Post-Soviet Screen

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2022.202

Abstract

A popular and widespread theme in contemporary Russian cinema and television is the Soviet past reconstructed with various degrees of accuracy. This “documentary desire” aspires not only to access historical reality through visual representations of Soviet life in the 1960s, 1970s, or 1980s, but to use Soviet images as an instrument for emotional manipulation of the viewer by evoking or creating “memories” for those who do not have the Soviet experience. The article focuses on strategies, from the “visual document” to the “factory of memories,” that are used to present the Soviet past on the small and large screens. It is interesting to consider the purpose of recycling the Soviet theme. Addressing the past does not necessarily constitute nostalgia; it could be a glimpse into the future, or rather, a construction of the future through the past. The viewer, involved in the “make-believe” strategy, not only begins to believe that the events shown on screen took place in reality, but also that the source of information about those events is reliable. The cinematic “picture” either creates an image of the Soviet past or replaces the existing conception in the viewer’s mind. Interestingly though, the study of TV series about the Soviet past demonstrates that the rejection of the inevitability of the traumatic experience of tragic moments in Soviet history may paradoxically contribute to finding alternative solutions for social conflicts in the present and in the future, and this is what these TV series aspire to do.

Keywords:

Soviet past, post-Soviet cinema and television, biopic, historical film, TV series, recycling

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.
 

References

Литература

1. Бодрийяр, Жан. Совершенное преступление. Заговор искусства. Пер. А. Качалов. М.: РИПОЛ классик, 2019. (Фигуры философии).

2. Долин, Антон. “От святого духа. ‘Дылда’ Кантемира Балагова (2019)”. В кн.: Долин, Антон. Миражи советского: очерки современного кино, 76–77. М.: ACT, 2020.

3. Степанов, Василий. “Канны-2019: ‘Дылда’ Кантемира Балагова”. Сеанс. Дата обращения: октябрь 15, 2021. https://seance.ru/blog/kann-2019-dylda-kantemira-balagova/.

4. Павлючик, Леонид. “‘Дылда’: кино из пробирки”. Труд. Дата обращения: октябрь 15, 2021. http://www.trud.ru/article/28-06-2019/1377577_dylda_kino_iz_probirki.html.

5. Москвитин, Егор. “Кантемир Балагов: ‘Уверен, что мои амбиции меня когда-нибудь погубят’”. Esquire. Дата обращения: октябрь 15, 2021. https://esquire.ru/movies-and-shows/107132-kantemir-balagov-uveren-chto-moi-ambicii-menya-kogda-nibud-pogubyat/#part1.

6. Рошаль, Лев. Эффект скрытого изображения: факт и автор в неигровом кино. М.: Материк, 2001.

7. Пронин, Александр. Телевидение как рассказчик: биографический нарратив в современной документалистике. СПб.: Петрополис, 2016.

8. “Эти глаза напротив”. mail.ru. Дата обращения: октябрь 15, 2021. https://kino.mail.ru/series_905586_eti_glaza_naprotiv/.

9. “Обгоняя время”. mail.ru. Дата обращения: октябрь 15, 2021. https://kino.mail.ru/series_915786_obgonyaya_vremya/.

10. “‘Это история системы, которая ломает человека, но не может сломать’. Пять причин посмотреть сериал ‘Заступники’”. 1tv.ru. Дата обращения: октябрь 15, 2021. https://www.1tv.ru/movies/statyi/eto-istoriya-sistemy-kotoraya-lomaet-cheloveka-no-ne-mozhet-slomat-pyat-prichin-posmotret-serial-zastupniki.

11. Барт, Ролан. “Эффект реальности”. Пер. С. Зенкин. В кн. Барт, Ролан. Избранные работы: Семиотика. Поэтика. Сост., общ. ред., вступит. ст. Г. Косикова, 392–400. М.: Прогресс, 1994.

12. Lewis, David. “Truth in Fiction”. American Philosophical Quarterly 15, no. 1 (1978): 37–46.

13. Ryan, Marie-Laure. “Fiction, Non-Factuals, and the Principle of Minimal Departure”. Poetics 9, iss. 4 (1980): 403–22.

14. Walton, Kendall L. Mimesis as Make-Believe: On the Foundations of the Representational Arts. Cambridge, MA; London: Harvard University Press, 1990.

15. Ryan, Marie-Laure, and Jan-Noël Thon, eds. Storyworlds across Media: Toward a Media-Conscious Narratology (Frontiers of Narrative). Lincoln; London: University of Nebraska, 2014.

16. Culler, Jonathan. Structural Poetics. Structuralism, Linguistics and the Study of Literature. 2nd ed. London; New York: Routledge, 2002.

17. Pavel, Thomas. Fictional Worlds. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1986.

18. Эйзенштейн, Сергей. Метод. Сост., предисл., коммент. Н. Клейман. 2 тома. М.: Музей кино; Эйзенштейн-центр, 2002, т. 2.

19. Bingham, Dennis. Whose Lives Are They Anyway? The Biopic As Contemporary Film Genre. New Brunswick, N. J.; London: Rutgers University Press, 2010.

20. Barker, Jennifer M. The Tactile Eye: Touch and the Cinematic Experience. Berkeley; Los Angeles; London: University of California Press, 2009.

21. Rosenstone, Robert A. Visions of the Past: The Challenge of Film to Our Idea of History. Cambridge, MA; London: Harvard University Press, 1995.

22. Hayward, Susan. Cinema Studies: The Key Concepts. 4th ed. London; New York: Routledge, 2013.

23. Zacks, Jeffrey M. Flicker: Your Brain on Movies. New York: Oxford University Press, 2015.

24. Lamarque, Peter, and Stein Haugom Olsen. Truth, Fiction, and Literature: A Philosophical Perspective. Oxford: Clarendon Press; New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. (Clarendon Library of Logic and Philosophy).

25. Gramsci, Antonio. Selections from the Prison Notebooks. Ed. and transl. by Quintin Hoare and Geoffrey Nowell Smith. 1971. Reprint, London: Lawrence and Wishart; New York: International Publishers, 1978.

26. Boym, Svetlana. The Future of Nostalgia. New York: Basic Books, 2001.

27. Zinn, Howard. The Zinn Reader: Writings on Disobedience and Democracy. New York: Seven Stories Press, 1997.

28. Беньямин, Вальтер. “Автор как производитель”. Пер. Б. Скуратов, И. Чубаров. Логос, no. 4/77 (2010): 122–42.

References

1. Baudrillard, Jean. The Perfect Crime. The Conspiracy of Art. Rus. ed. Transl. by A. Kachalov. Moscow: RIPOL klassik Publ., 2019. (Figury filosofii.) (In Russian)

2. Dolin, Anton. “From Holy Spirit. ‘Beanpole’ by Kantemir Balagov”. In Dolin, Anton. Mirages of the Soviet: essays in contemporary cinema, 76–77. Мoscow: AST Publ., 2020.

3. Stepanov, Vasilii. “Cannes-2019. ‘Beanpole’ by Kantemir Balagov”. Seans. Accessed: October 15, 2021. https://seance.ru/blog/kann-2019-dylda-kantemira-balagova/. (In Russian)

4. Pavliuchik, Leonid. “‘Beanpole’: Test-Tube Movie”. Trud. Accessed: October 15, 2021. http://www.trud.ru/article/28-06-2019/1377577_dylda_kino_iz_probirki.html. (In Russian)

5. Moskvitin, Egor. “Kantemir Balagov: ‘Sure that My Ambitions will Ruin Me Some Day’”. Esquire. Accessed: October 15, 2021. https://esquire.ru/movies-and-shows/107132-kantemir-balagov-uveren-ch-to-moi-ambicii-menya-kogda-nibud-pogubyat/#part1. (In Russian)

6. Roshal’, Lev. The Effekt of a Hidden Image: Fact and Author in Silent Cinema. Moscow: Materik Publ., 2001. (In Russian)

7. Pronin, Aleksandr. Television as a Storyteller: Biographical Narrative in Contemporary Documentaries. St Petersburg: Petropolis Publ., 2016. (In Russian)

8. “These Eyes Looking at Me”. mail.ru. Accessed: October 15, 2021. https://kino.mail.ru/series_905586_eti_glaza_naprotiv/.

9. “Ahead of His Time”. mail.ru. Accessed: October 15, 2021. https://kino.mail.ru/series_915786_obgonyaya_vremya/.

10. “‘This is the Story of a System that Tries but Fails to Break People’. Five Reasons to Watch ‘The Advocates’”. 1tv.ru. Accessed: October 15, 2021. https://www.1tv.ru/movies/statyi/eto-istoriya-sistemy-kotoraya-lomaet-cheloveka-no-ne-mozhet-slomat-pyat-prichin-posmotret-serial-zastupniki.

11. Bart, Rolan. “The Reality Effect”. Rus. ed. Transl. by S. Zenkin. In Bart, Rolan. Izbrannye raboty: Semiotika. Poetika. Comp., general ed., introd. article G. Kosikova, 392–400. Moscow: Progress Publ., 1994.

12. Lewis, David. “Truth in Fiction”. American Philosophical Quarterly 15, no. 1 (1978): 37–46.

13. Ryan, Marie-Laure. “Fiction, Non-Factuals, and the Principle of Minimal Departure”. Poetics 9, iss. 4 (1980): 403–22.

14. Walton, Kendall L. Mimesis as Make-Believe: On the Foundations of the Representational Arts. Cambridge, MA; London: Harvard University Press, 1990.

15. Ryan, Marie-Laure, and Jan-Noël Thon, eds. Storyworlds across Media: Toward a Media-Conscious Narratology (Frontiers of Narrative). Lincoln; London: University of Nebraska, 2014.

16. Culler, Jonathan. Structural Poetics. Structuralism, Linguistics and the Study of Literature. 2nd ed. London; New York: Routledge, 2002.

17. Pavel, Thomas. Fictional Worlds. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1986.

18. Eizenshtein, Sergei. Method. Comp., foreword., comment. by N. Kleiman. 2 vols. Moscow: Muzei kino Publ.; Eizenshtein-tsentr Publ., 2002, vol. 2. (In Russian)

19. Bingham, Dennis. Whose Lives Are They Anyway? The Biopic As Contemporary Film Genre. New Brunswick, N. J. ; London: Rutgers University Press, 2010.

20. Barker, Jennifer M. The Tactile Eye: Touch and the Cinematic Experience. Berkeley; Los Angeles; London: University of California Press, 2009.

21. Rosenstone, Robert A. Visions of the Past: The Challenge of Film to Our Idea of History. Cambridge, MA; London: Harvard University Press, 1995.

22. Hayward, Susan. Cinema Studies: The Key Concepts. 4th ed. London; New York: Routledge, 2013.

23. Zacks, Jeffrey M. Flicker: Your Brain on Movies. New York: Oxford University Press, 2015.

24. Lamarque, Peter, and Stein Haugom Olsen. Truth, Fiction, and Literature: A Philosophical Perspective. Oxford: Clarendon Press; New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. (Clarendon Library of Logic and Philosophy).

25. Gramsci, Antonio. Selections from the Prison Notebooks. Ed. and transl. by Quintin Hoare and Geoffrey Nowell Smith. 1971. Reprint, London: Lawrence and Wishart; New York: International Publishers, 1978.

26. Boym, Svetlana. The Future of Nostalgia. New York: Basic Books, 2001.

27. Zinn, Howard. The Zinn Reader: Writings on Disobedience and Democracy. New York: Seven Stories Press, 1997.

28. Benjamin, Walter. “The Author as a Producer”. Transl. by B. Skuratov, I. Chubarov. Logos, no. 4/77 (2010): 122–42. (In Russian)

Published

2022-06-30

How to Cite

Bugaeva, L. D. (2022). The Soviet Past on the Post-Soviet Screen. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts, 12(2), 243–258. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2022.202

Issue

Section

Cinematography