Town-planning development of territories along the Neva River before the foundation of St. Petersburg: Votic Pyatina and Ingermanland
Abstract
On the basis of the Old Russian chronicles (8th–14th centuries), medieval Scandinavian texts (10th–14th centuries), Inventory Books of Novgorod, Moscow and Swedish periods (15th–17th centuries), the Swedish cartography (17th century), the issues of identification of the settlement distribution system on the territories along the Neva River, around the Ladoga Lake and the zone of the Gulf of Finland during the period before the foundation of St. Petersburg are considered in the article. The picture of formation and sustainable development during several centuries of the rural settlement distribution system including thousands of settlements and numerous versts (Russian measurement units) of roads is shown. Spatial and planning features of historical system of settlements had mainly North Russian nature of “nest-type construction”. Hundreds of settlements and thousands of kilometers of roads were included from 1703 to 1712 into the planning structure and quarter — sloboda (rural settlement) fabric of the capital city of St. Petersburg and its residential suburbs. Thereby, from the times of Peter I, a large-scale reconstruction of the historical settlement distribution system was carried out on the territories along the Neva River, turning the city into the urban capital agglomeration of the regular type. All this enables us to completely reject the established mythology about creation of St. Petersburg from scratch, without taking into account the historical spatial heritage.
Keywords:
Peter I, planning framework and town-planning fabric of St. Petersburg, rural system of settlements distribution on the on the territory of Votic Pyatina (Wattlande), Ingermanland, Inventory Books, Swedish cartography
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Articles of "Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts" are open access distributed under the terms of the License Agreement with Saint Petersburg State University, which permits to the authors unrestricted distribution and self-archiving free of charge.